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Record W38472305 · doi:10.1038/s44320-024-00029-6

Is Gettier"s First Example Flawed?

2003· book-chapter· en· W38472305 on OpenAlexfundno aff
Christoph Schmidt‐Petri

Bibliographic record

VenueAustrian Ludwig Wittgenstein Society eBooks · 2003
Typebook-chapter
Languageen
FieldArts and Humanities
TopicEpistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersNational Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthCanadian Institute for Advanced ResearchVector InstituteCanadian Institutes of Health ResearchGovernment of Ontario
KeywordsCounterexampleEpistemologyPhilosophyMathematicsDiscrete mathematics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The 'Gettier counterexamples' (Gettier 19631) to the \ntripartite account of propositional knowledge are generally \ntaken to show that not every instance of justified true belief \nconstitutes knowledge. I argue that Gettier's famous first \nexample fails to establish this conclusion. I claim to show \nthat the example violates the belief condition of the \ntripartite account. Of course, if Smith does not believe that \n(1) the man who will get the job has ten coins in his \npocket \nit should not be surprising that he does not know it either, \nas Gettier correctly claims. But as the three conditions are \nnot satisfied, the tripartite account is not refuted.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.007
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.017
Threshold uncertainty score0.058

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.007
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0020.001
Science and technology studies0.0030.015
Scholarly communication0.0060.013
Open science0.0020.004
Research integrity0.0040.008
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0170.009

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.127
GPT teacher head0.254
Teacher spread0.127 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations3
Published2003
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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