Nitric oxide‐dependent relaxation is modulated by intermediate conductance Ca2+‐activated potassium channels in rat mesenteric resistance arteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Endothelium‐dependent relaxation of isolated rat mesenteric resistance arteries to acetylcholine (ACh) is mediated by the release of nitric oxide (NO) and by endothelium‐dependent hyperpolarization. We have investigated the role of Ca 2+ ‐activated potassium channels (K Ca ) in NO‐mediated, endothelium‐dependent relaxation of mesenteric resistance arteries. Pre‐incubation with either 1‐[(2‐chlorophenyl) diphenylmethyl]‐1H‐pyrazole (Tram‐34; 5 μM), an inhibitor of intermediate conductance K Ca (IK Ca ), or L‐N G ‐nitroarginine methylester (L‐NAME; 100 μM), an inhibitor of NO synthase, caused significant inhibition of relaxation to ACh in arterial segments pre‐contracted with phenylephrine (1–3 μM). The magnitude of inhibition caused by Tram‐34 was not significantly different from that caused by L‐NAME and the effects of the two inhibitors were not additive. Pre‐incubation with apamin (50 nM), an inhibitor of small conductance K Ca , did not significantly alter ACh‐evoked relaxation. However, in the presence of L‐NAME, apamin significantly inhibited relaxations to ACh and the combination of apamin with Tram‐34 reduced the maximum relaxation to ACh by 80%. Addition of L‐NAME with apamin and Tram‐34 did not cause further significant inhibition. Tram‐34 and apamin were without effect on relaxations evoked by the NO donor diethylamine NONOate. These data indicate that endothelial IK Ca play a key role modulating NO‐dependent relaxation to ACh in rat mesenteric resistance arteries. Supported by Heart & Stroke Foundation of Canada, URGC & USRP.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".