Investigating the Moderating Role of Athlete Leadership on Leadership Behaviors and Perceptions of Cohesion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Athlete leadership has been defined as an athlete occupying a formal or informal role within the team, who influences a group of team members towards achieving a common goal (Loughead et al., 2006). The purpose of the present study was to examine whether an athlete's leadership status (i.e., formal athlete leader, informal athlete leader, athlete non-leader) moderated the leadership behavior to cohesion relationship. Overall, four moderation results were found. The relationship between Positive Feedback and ATG-T, ATG-S, and GI-T differed between informal athlete leaders and athlete non-leaders. In addition, Positive Feedback to GI-T differed between formal athlete leaders and athlete non-leaders. In all cases, the relationship between Positive Feedback and cohesion was in a positive direction for athlete leaders, and in a negative direction for athlete non-leaders. For all other relationships, no differences were found between leadership statuses, indicating a sense of shared leadership amongst teammates. Practical implications of these results are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".