ICONE11-36222 THE FUTURE OF NUCLEAR : SCWR GENERATION IV HIGH PERFORMANCE CHANNELS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The new Advanced CANDU^[○!R] Reactor (ACR^ ) design features major improvements in economics, inherent safety characteristics and performance, while retaining the proven benefits of the CANDU family of nuclear power plants. But the development potential of the pressure tube concept does not stop there. We examine the developments needed for even larger market penetration worldwide in the time frame 2025 or later. Over that timescale, we might expect significant deployment of ACRs. This spurs a need for plants that are mass-produced with higher efficiency, even lower costs, and an even higher degree of local or national fabrication. The pressure tube design allows that to happen, as no large high-pressure component is needed. For this future, a number of concepts have been identified. But the energy market targets are expected to be even more challenging than envisaged today : a) Capital costs <<$1000 US/kW, b) Plant designs economic down to 300MW_e and up to 1500MW_e from one maker, c) Global builds potential for 1000s of units, e) Sustainable (thorium) fuel cycles, f) Synergism with non-carbon renewables and enabling of the hydrogen production. Such demanding market goals - in our view - can only be met by employing significant system simplification. We have shown that such concepts are feasible, in an evolutionary manner. Filling the primary system with supercritical water (SCW) can raise thermal efficiencies to over 40%. Extremely compact existing supercritical turbines operate today at sizes from 300MW_e, and can be deployed without any further development. Turbine inlet temperatures of up to 600℃ are possible so it is simply a matter of matching the evolutionary reactor design to the turbine, not the other way around. Significant safety improvements over large vessel designs also seem possible, using the latest insulting materials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.292 | 0.125 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".