The Electrophysiological Basis of the ECG
Bibliographic record
Abstract
From an electrophysiological point of view, the cardiac cells previously discussed may be grouped into two different categories, namely automatic slow response cells and fast response cells. The electrophysiological characteristics during the diastole, or resting phase (transmembrane diastolic potential), and the systole, or activation phase (depolarization plus repolarization) of each cell type are different. This explains why one type of cell has an automatic behavior while the other type does not. In conventional surface electrocardiography, only the activation of the muscular mass of the atria and ventricles is recorded. Sinus node activation and activation of the rest of the specific conduction system (SCS) are not recorded in surface electrocardiogram (ECG), although the correlation between the action potential of all the different parts of SCS and the surface ECG is shown. Both cellular electrograms and human ECGs represent the sum of cell or ventricular depolarization plus repolarization.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".