Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version of Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale-2
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Sleep problems are nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease that should be carefully evaluated for better management and treatment. Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS-2) is one of the most reliable tools for measuring sleep difficulties in people with Parkinson's disease. This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Persian version of PDSS-2. METHODS: Four hundred and fifty-six people with Parkinson's disease with a mean age ±standard deviation of 60.7 ± 11.3 years were engaged in this study. Acceptability was assessed by floor and ceiling effects. Dimensionality was measured by exploratory factor analysis. The convergent validity of PDSS-2 with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was assessed. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were assessed with Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. RESULTS: = 0.94, and good test-retest reliability with ICC = 0.89 were obtained. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the Persian version of Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale has acceptable validity and reliability for measuring sleep disturbances in people with Parkinson's disease.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".