Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Should EU values be pursued by means of EU trade policy or separately via other policies? Article 21/3 TEU instructs the Council and the Commission to ‘ensure consistency between the different areas of its external action’, often (mis?)interpreted as a merger of all external policies with respect to values. Is this “merger” justified by the EU public interest? Linkage advocates are interested in the clout of EU trade and investment policy, but not in its objectives. Detailed recent research shows no empirical evidence of the effectiveness of value linkages. Thus, coupling values and EU trade policy may be costly and has few, if any, advantages; its main effect is continuous attention being paid to these issues (seen as a virtue by some). This article includes illustrations concerning the EU–Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), EU/China cooperation on sustainable development and the Comprehensive Agreement on Investment (CAI).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.013 | 0.022 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.025 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.019 | 0.026 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.012 | 0.010 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".