Lifestyle and Purchase Intention: The Moderating Role of Education in Bicultural Consumers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This research is the first to analyze the relationship between lifestyles and purchase intentions in first-generation bicultural consumers residing in Canada. It applies the Activities, Interests, and Opinions (AIO) model and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and includes education level as a moderating variable to find differences in consumption between the country of origin and the host country. A total of 194 personal surveys were administered. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), suggesting that subjective norm predicts purchase intention, being positively related to Health and Optimism and Household Oriented and Industrious, and negatively related to Self-reliance and Leadership. A negative impact was found between the education level and the subjective norm, which was significant concerning the host country. The study also revealed that the subjective norm is positively related to Health and Optimism and negatively related to Self-reliance and Leadership, improving the model’s predictive accuracy when the educational level is involved. The findings demonstrate the usefulness of TPB and provide marketers with better identification of psychographic market segments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".