Nivolumab-induced diffuse type 2 rhinosinusitis: A case report
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Nivolumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor is used to treat advanced metastatic malignancies. Data showed that nivolumab can cause exacerbated response of T-Helper 2 cells and lead to airway inflammation. OBJECTIVE: To present the upper airway findings of a 69-year-old woman after treatment with nivolumab. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: A 69-year old woman with no history of chronic rhinosinusitis developed complaints of nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and anosmia. These symptoms started after one year of treatment with nivolumab. Pale polyps were observed on fiberoptic endoscopy examination. A gradual increase in eosinophil blood counts was noted. On histopathology, heavy infiltrates of eosinophils were seen in the tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Nivolumab is used to treat various advanced metastatic malignancies, with a good safety profile. Nevertheless, physicians must be alert to the possibility of evolving type II inflammation in patients, as appropriate therapy can be provided to improve their quality of life.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".