Arthroscopic treatment of bilateral mandibular condylar cysts and associated osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joints in a horse
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary A horse was presented with a history of unpredictable behaviour under saddle to the point that the owner deemed the horse dangerous to ride. In addition, at rest the horse frequently protruded his tongue and during mastication a “clunking” sound could be heard. Radiographic examination at a previous clinic had revealed a normal left temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and a radiopaque mass in the right TMJ. However, despite arthroscopic surgery of the abnormal joint, the clinical signs had not resolved. Diagnostic investigation at the referral clinic revealed that TMJ analgaesia altered both a baseline hindlimb lameness and a behavioural component to the movement of the horse. Computed tomography (CT) illustrated the presence of bone cysts within the mandibular condyles and marginal osteophytosis of the discomandibular joints consistent with osteoarthritis. Arthroscopic examination, debridement of the affected joints and post‐operative intra‐articular injection of autologous protein solution resulted in temporary resolution of both the behavioural changes and the “clunking” sound. Ultimately, the horse was euthanised for continued dangerous behaviour, which treatment had failed to resolve in the longer term. In conclusion, the presence of cysts in the mandibular condyle and osteoarthritis can be a cause of abnormal behaviour, which may render a horse dangerous to ride. The case report illustrates the complex interaction between the TMJ, behaviour and movement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".