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2021 Canadian Surgery Forum
Garrett Johnson, K. Hickey, A. Azin, K. Guidolin, K. Guidolin, F. Shariff, J. Gentles, M. Parapini, R. Guo, E. Ertel, T. Lenet, K. Nabata, T. McKechnie, Aijing Zhu, T. McKechnie, M. Nguyen, T. McKechnie, L. Qu, J. Zuckerman, A. Kammili, J. Zuckerman, K. D’Souza, L. Glass, L. Kerr, W. He, L. Lee, S. Balvardi, S. Balvardi, A. Miles, A. Fecso, D. Skubleny, U. Do, P.E. Serrano Aybar, C. Kruse, H. Forbes, V. Pravong, R. Selvam, R. Liu, Eric Walser, A. Lee, K. Ren, H. Muaddi, J. Frigault, J. Frigault, A. Rosenzveig, G. Skelhorne-Gross, K. Singh, A. Mierzwa, R. Wigen, R. Raskin, C. Dwyer, W. Sun, R. Liu, E. Schmitz, W. Sun, E. Schmitz, N. Patro, H. Wilson, C. Li, C. Li, J. Drung, G. Pang, K. Guidolin, M. Abou Khalil, K. Larsen, L. Lan, Rose He, G. Akhtar-Danesh, G. Akhtar-Danesh, D. Hirpara, K. Sullivan, U. Jogiat, Y. Patel, Muhammad Yaseen Abbas, A. Ednie, J. Alaichi, S. Turner, D. Hirpara, Yung Lee, R. Nayak, N. Mistry, S. Abdul, R. Razzak, M. De Meo, A. Kammili, L. Esther, Y. Lee, S. Brophy, Vivian Resende, D. Sisson, A. Alghamedi, S. Turner, Y. Shargall, B. Greenberg, C. Huynh, A. Al Rawahi, D. Sisson, M. Humer, S. Abdul, D. Le Nguyen, Y. Patel, Mahdi Kaafarani, N. Hunka, I. Churchill, C. Finley, D. Jones, V. Gupta, Liyuan Qu, E. Peters, V. Gupta, M. Robinson, H. Wang, K. Graham, A. Bruinooge, K. Verhoeff, G. Johnson, G. Johnson, G. Johnson, A. Azin, C. Cahill, T. McKechnie, T. McKechnie, R. Hajjar, K. Purich, R. Garfinkle, R. Garfinkle, G. Talwar, H. AlSulaim, T. McKechnie, V. Brissette, R. Selvam, J. Holland, J. Holland, C. Brown, MaoQuan Li, O. Monton, O. AlAamer, R. Ruxton, M.K. Motamedi, N. Caminsky, Z. Bayat, J. Liang, Hirok Roy, Jeongyoon Moon, J. Moon, Esraa Y. Salama, V. Wiseman, Z. Harra, M. Hegagi, N. Alghaithi, E. Papillon, N. Kasteel, R. Szwimer, A. Azin, S. Merchant, V. Li, M. Jacobson, Wanda Marini, A. DiPasquale, N. Gagnon, S. Mysuria, A. Hunter-Smith, A. Alqaydi, V. Pravong, É. Di Lena, É. Di Lena, Shivani Mysuria, H. Kapur, L. Cadili, Curtise K. C. Ng, K. Allen, D. Cyr, A. Allard-Coutu, C. Mardinger, D. Nguyen, S. Langer, D. Lim, D. Lim, M. Parapini, K. Verhoeff, T. Lenet, F. Reyna-Sepulveda, N. Hanna, J. Zuckerman, J. Zuckerman, D. Henault, M. Lemke, M. Lund, L. Park, J. Glinka, E. Waugh, E. Waugh, J. Glinka, A. Webb, Y. Essaji, H. Shrader, V. Smith, R. Gilbert, Z. Mir, Z. Mir, S. Elbekri, N. Zuker, G. Chartrand, J. Frigault, M. Melland-Smith, C. McLean, M. Fortin, S. Keshavjee, Y. Lee, W. He, F. Deaninck, Z. Cloutier, J. Shiroky, A. Mierzwa, A. Jarrar, Wen-Shou Lin, M. Connell, Ashley Vergis, B. Unger, J. Park, L. Gillman, D. Pace, K. Lam-Tin-Cheung, S. Chadi, F. Quereshy, J. Catton, B. Rubin, J. Bell, J. Marangos, A. Heesters, T. Stuart-McEwan, F. Quereshy, F. Wright, N. Ahmed, A. Nadler, J. Hallet, L. Chen, H. Hwang, D. Hirpara, R. Sidhu, T. Scott, A. Karimuddin, A. Nguyen, J. Osborn, S. Wiseman, K. Nabata, H. Hwang, L. Baker, Laureance F Park, M. Vered, A. Zahrai, R. Shorr, A. Davis, D. McIsaac, A. Tinmouth, D. Fergusson, G. Martel, S. Rummel, M. Stefic-Cubic, A. Karimuddin, M. Stewart, A. Melck, T. Anpalagan, S. Ichhpuniani, Y. Lee, K. Ramji, C. Eskicioglu, Shulu Deng, B. Greene, M. Tsang, V. Palter, S. Jayaraman, A. Mann, J. Tittley, M. Cadeddu, A. Madani, J. Pasternak, K. Ramji, D. Hong, A. Istl, E. Tang, D. Gray, N. Coburn, J. Callum, Rona Leach McLeod, E. Pearsall, Y. Lin, A. Turgeon, G. Martel, J. Hallet, A. Mahar, P. Kriviraltcheva-Kaneva, L. Lee, J. Cools-Lartigue, L. Ferri, C. Mueller, Barbara Haas, B. Tillman, M. Guttman, T. Chesney, V. Zuk, A. Mahar, A. Hsu, W. Chan, R. Vasdev, N. Coburn, J. Hallet, C. Huynh, L. Cadili J. Ling, R. Warburton, H. Hwang, M. Hameed, H. Williamson, P. Murphy, E. Tang, K. Leslie, J. Hawel, S. Zablotny, H. Roldan, X. Jiang, B. Zheng, J. Fiore, L. Feldman, G. Fried, C. Mueller, Sofia Valanci, J. Cipolla, P. Kaneva, S. Demyttenaere, M. Boutros, L. Lee, L. Feldman, J. Fiore, Mohammed Faris Shakir Alhashemi, J. Cipolla, L. Lee, J. Fiore, L. Feldman, Kieran Purich, Kevin Verhoeff, J. Shapiro, D. Bigam, J. Kung, T. Chesney, J. Mosko, P. Hamilton, S. Ghosh, S. Widder, D. Schiller, C. El Kefraoui, M. Pook, N. Barone, S. Balvardi, H. Montgomery, P. Nguyen-Powanda, F. Rajabiyazdi, H. Elhaj, M. Lapointe-Gagner, G. Olleik, P. Kaneva, Aghappy Antoun, N. Safa, E. Di Lena, S. Meterissian, A. Meguerditchian, G. Fried, M. Alhashemi, F. Lee, G. Baldini, L. Feldman, J. Fiore, S. Parpia, L. Ruo, K. Tywonek, S. Lee, C. O’Neill, N. Faisal, A. Alfayyadh, M. Gundayao, B.M. Meyers, R. Habashi, T. McKechnie, M. Levin, K. Aldrich, T. Grantcharov, A. Langerman, R. Anantha, V. Fawcett, Adam Hetherington, M. Gervais, G. Rakovich, R. Hu, R. Musselman, I. Raiche, H. Moloo, A. Elnahas, N. Alkhamesi, J. Hawel, E. Tang, A. Alnumay, C. Schlachta, C. Zhang, S. Cristancho, M. Ott, Ben Niu, F. Balaa, N. Gawad, Y. Qiu, K. Hamann, N. How, C. Leveille, A. Davidson, A. Eqbal, Y. Sardiwalla, M. Korostensky, T. McKechnie, E. Lee, I. Yang, Katherine Jiawen Ren, T. Stukel, C. de Mestral, A. Nathens, P. Karanicolas, S. Lemieux, D. Breton, P. Bouchard, A. Bouchard, R. Grégoire, F. Letarte, G. Bouchard, S. Drolet, S. Avoine, S. Drolet, F. Letarte, A. Bouchard, J. Gagné, C. Thibault, R. Grégoire, N. Jutras Bouthillette, M. Gosselin, P. Bouchard, T. Stuleanu, A. Jarrar, N. Kolozsvari, R. Nenshi, A. Jerath, D. Gomez, T. Amir, E. Liu, S. Farquharson, Rui Mao, L. Lan, J. Yan, A. Allard-Coutu, R. Tin, R. Brisebois, N. Bradley, E. Walser, L. Hartford, J. Van Koughnett, K. Vogt, R. Hilsden, N. Parry, L. Allen, K. Leslie, J. Jones, K. Neumann, M. Strickland, N. Bradley, D. O’Dochartaigh, K. Lobay, A. Kabaroff, E. Chang, S. Widder, R. Anantha, J. Beck, R. Anantha, J. Davidson, S. Jones, T. Van Hooren, J. Van Koughnett, M. Ott, I. Raiche, M. El Hafid, J. Dang, V. Mocanu, G. Lutzak, R. Sultanian, C. Wong, S. Karmali, M. Petrera, M. Pickell, R. Auer, B. Li, Y. Lee, V. Mocanu, W. Sun, J. Dang, U. Jogiat, J. Kung, N. Switzer, S. Karmali, C. Wong, A. Al Hinai, A. Cieply, H. Hawes, Émilie Joos, A. Saleh, A. Saleh, P. Engels, L. Allen, K. Leslie, M. Kwong, C. Schlachta, N. Alkhamesi, J. Hawel, A. Elnahas, J. Ellsmere, S. Chadi, F. Quereshy, Da Jung Chang, M. Hutter, R. Spence, M. Boutros, C. Vasilevsky, N. Morin, Y. Longtin, S. Liberman, S. Demyttenaere, P. Montpetit, M. Poirier, K. Mukherjee, H. Sebajang, R. Younan, F. Schwenter, E. De Broux, G. Skelhorne-Gross, A. Beckett, J. Nantais, Diego Gomez, R. Mao, J. Kay, Ryan Lohre, O. Ayeni, D. Goel, D. de, D. Hylton, E. Bedard, S. Johnson, B. Laing, A. Valji, W. Hanna, S. Turner, N. Akhtar-Danesh, Y. Shargall, N. Akhtar-Danesh, Y. Shargall, V. Gupta, B. Kidane, J. Limbachia, F. Farrokhyar, G. Leontiadis, Y. Patel, I. Churchill, D. Hylton, F. Xie, A. Seely, J. Spicer, B. Kidane, S. Turner, K. Yasufuku, W. Hanna, W. Sun, J. Dang, V. Mocanu, J. Kung, S. Turner, N. Switzer, I. Churchill, K. Sullivan, Morgan Beauchamp, J. Wald, L. Mbuagbaw, J. Agzarian, Y. Shargall, C. Finley, C. Fahim, W. Hanna, O. Olaiya, H. Begum, L. Mbuagbaw, C. Finley, W. Hanna, J. Agzarian, D. Palma, A. Warner, R. Malthaner, D. Fortin, M. Qiabi, R. Nayak, T. Nguyen, A. Louie, G. Rodrigues, B. Yaremko, J. Laba, R. Inculet, Y. Patel, W. Hanna, B. Mador, Haipeng Lai, J. White, M. Kim, B. Kidane, A. Louie, V. Zuk, G. Darling, M. Rousseau, T. Chesney, N. Coburn, J. Hallet, Y. Samarasinghe, M. Lee, L. Thiru, Y. Shargall, C. Finley, W. Hanna, O. Levine, Rosalyn A. Juergens, J. Agzarian, S. Brogly, W. Li, D. Lougheed, D. Petsikas, A. Gatti, I. Churchill, Y. Patel, W. Hanna, C. Anestee, S. Gilbert, S. Sundaresan, A. Seely, P. Villeneuve, D. Maziak, A. Ashrafi, N. Tregobov, N. Hassanzadeh, S. Stone, A. Panjwani, T. Bong, Roger Bond, A. Hafizi, R. Rayes, S. Milette, M. Vagai, M. Usatii, A. Chandrasekaran, B. Giannias, F. Bourdeau, V. Sangwan, N. Bertos, C. Moraes, S. Huang, D. Quail, L. Walsh, S. Camilleri-Broet, P. Fiset, J. Cools-Lartigue, L. Ferri, J. Spicer, Esma Bilgic, Andrea Quaiattini, M. Maurice-Ventouris, S. Najmeh, C. Mueller, Hajra Begum, J. Agzarian, W. Hanna, C. Finley, J. Lu, R. Malhan, W. Hanna, J. Agzarian, K. Brennan, D. French, M. Momtazi, O. Solaja, S. Gilbert, D. Maziak, A. Seely, S. Sundaresan, P. Villeneuve, L. Donahoe, P. Bedard, A. Hansen, M. De Perrot, A. Simone, H. Begum, W. Hanna, Y. Shargall, J. Huang, Heung Ying Lai, E. Bedard, S. Murthy, J. Lin, G. Darling, R. Malthaner, Biniam Kidane, A. Seely, H. Li, M. Crowther, L. Linkins, Elaine Lau, L. Schneider, W. Hanna, C. Finley, J. Agzarian, J. Douketis, V. Gupta, C. Allen-Avodabo, L. Davis, H. Zhao, G. Darling, N. Coburn, J. Cools-Lartigue, L. Ferri, S. Najmeh, C. Sirois, D. Mulder, J. Spicer, S. Aftab Abdul, David Cường Nguyễn, C. Anstee, E. Delic, Stephen G. Gilbert, D. Maziak, P. Villeneuve, A. Seely, H. Sasewich, Tanvirul Islam, D. Low, G. Darling, S. Turner, D. Nguyen, A. Al Rawahi, C. Anstee, E. Delic, S. Gilbert, P. Villeneuve, D. Maziak, A. Seely, A. Al Rawahi, C. Anstee, E. Delic, S. Gilbert, P. Villeneuve, D. Maziak, A. Seely, M. Kay, I. Churchill, K. Sullivan, Y. Shargall, B. Shayegan, A. Adili, W. Hanna, C. Huynh, F. Chouiali, N. Muthukrishnan, F. Maleki, K. Ovens, M. Gold, M. Sorin, R. Falutz, Rida Nabeel A. Rayes, R. Forghani, J. Spicer, R. Kennedy, R. Bigsby, Sanjeevi Bharadwaj, S. Gowing, A. Gatti, D. Hylton, K. Sullivan, Y. Patel, F. Farrokhyar, G. Leontiadis, W. Hanna, H. Begum, K. Pearce, J. Agzarian, W. Hanna, Y. Shargall, N. Akhtar-Danesh, C. Anstee, S. Kumar, M. Gingrich, A. Simone, Z. Ahmadzai, K. Thavorn, A. Seely, A. Namavarian, Abdulrahman G Mohammed, S. Uddin, D. Jones, A. Behzadi, Anisa Brar, M. Qiabi, R. Nayak, R. Malthaner, G. Buduhan, Linda Poh Gaik Tan, R. Liu, S. Srinathan, B. Kidane, Juliette Levy, B. Kidane, A. Mahar, J. Ringash, R. Sutradhar, G. Darling, N. Coburn, L. Bednarek, G. Buduhan, R. Liu, L. Tan, S. Srinathan, B. Kidane, D. French, D. MacDonald, S. Enns, G. Buduhan, S. Srinathan, R. Liu, A. Tan, B. Kidane, E. Poole, C. Pascoe, Tobias Karakach, G. Buduhan, L. Tan, S. Srinathan, A. Halayko, B. Kidane, V. Mocanu, B. Fang, J. Dang, J. Kung, N. Switzer, D. Birch, S. Karmali, H. Singh, A. Vergis, J. Park, O. Hershorn, D. Hochman, R. Helewa, Ryan S Robertson, A. Vergis, A. Vergis, H. Singh, J. Park, R. Helewa, M. Lipson, A. Afzal, Ainsley MacLean, C. Wong, S. Roen, W. Buie, T. Anpalagan, M. Chu, Yang Lee, N. Amin, D. Hong, C. Eskicioglu, K. Ramji, C. Kruse, H. Jaffer, R. Rebello, N. Amin, A. Doumouras, D. Hong, C. Eskicioglu, M. Oliero, T. Cuisiniere, G. Fragoso, A. Calvé, S. Djediai, B. Annabi, C. Richard, Marcos Cesar Barbosa dos Santos, Y. Zhou, Stacey Dodd, B. Ring, Y. Yuan, J. White, S. Dell’Aniello, S. Bhatnagar, N. Morin, G. Ghitulescu, J. Faria, C. Vasilevsky, Patricia Brassard, Marylise Boutros, E. Salama, Alexandre Amar‐Zifkin, N. Morin, G. Ghitulescu, J. Faria, C. Vasilevsky, M. Boutros, Rosemary Onchi Daniel, T. McKechnie, O. Levine, C. Eskicioglu, Muath A Alqahtani, R. Garfinkle, S. Al-Masrouri, C. Vasilevsky, N. Morin, Marylise Boutros, Alex A Chen, A. Patel, Y. Lee, A. Doumouras, D. Hong, Cagla Eskicioglu, N. Al Busaidi, F. Rajabiyazdi, J. Moon, M. Demian, C. Vasilevsky, N. Morin, M. Boutros, H. Moloo, H. MacRae, F. Alam, I. Raiche, M. Cwintal, G. Rigas, C. Vasilevsky, N. Morin, G. Ghitulescu, J. Faria, A. Pang, M. Boutros, Jeong Min Moon, D. Marinescu, N. Morin, G. Ghitulescu, Amy Pang, C. Vasilevsky, A. Karimuddin, M. Raval, P. Terry Phang, A. Ghuman, S. Muncner, I. Mihajlovic, M. Dykstra, R. Snelgrove, H. Wang, A. Smith, J. Moon, M. Demian, R. Garfinkle, C. Vasilevsky, F. Rajabiyazdi, M. Boutros, N. AlSelaim, Mohammed M. Almalki, Abdualziz A. Al-osail, P. Manuel, Fathima Raahima Riyas Mohamed, S. Serahati, L. Rajendran, C. Brown, M. Raval, A. Ghuman, T. Phang, J. Moon, F. Rajabiyazdi, S. Chadi, K. Alavi, Ian M. Paquette, T. MacLean, S. Wexner, S. Liberman, S. Steele, J. Park, S. Patel, L. Bordeianou, Rebecca Ann Craufurd Auer, P. Sylla, N. Morin, A. Ghuman, M. Boutros, E. Kennedy, C. Victor, A. Govindarajan, C. Vasilevsky, G. Ghitulescu, J. Faria, N. Morin, D. Marinescu, Z Tanveer Baig, A. Karimmudin, M. Raval, C. Brown, T. Phang, D. Gill, N. Ginther, D. Marinescu, A. Pang, G. Ghitulescu, J. Faria, N. Morin, C. Vasilevsky, M. Boutros, A. Pang, G. Ghitulescu, J. Faria, N. Morin, C. Vasilevsky, M. Boutros, F. Alrashid, C. Vasilevsky, G. Ghitulescu, J. Faria, N. Morin, M. Boutros, L. Zhang, P. MacDonald, S.M. Merchant, K. Wattie Barnett, A. Caycedo-Marulanda, S.V. Patel, C. Vasilevsky, G. Ghitulescu, N. Morin, M. Boutros, A. Pang, Mishari S. Alqahtani, N. Morin, G. Ghitulescu, C. Vasilevsky, M. Boutros, D. Marinescu, S. Al-Masrouri, A. Pang, C. Vasilevsky, M. Boutros, G. Kaur, S. Bindra, A. Malhotra, C. Graham, A. MacLean, P. Beck, H. Jijon, J. Ferraz, W. Buie, Jae Won Moon, M. Demian, A. Pang, N. Morin, C. Vasilevsky, F. Rajabiyazdi, M. Boutros, Weixia Kong, B. Gyawali, T. Hanna, Woo-Young Chung, S. Nanji, S. Patel, C. Booth, Afreen A. Awan, Pablo Mateos Serrano, M. Chanco, V. Wen, N. Singh, L. Peiris, Janice L. Pasieka, P. Ghatage, D. Buie, T. MacLean, A. Bouchard-Fortier, L. Mack, W. Zheng, C. Swallow, M. Reedijk, L. Peiris, Z. Prus-Czrnecka, L. Delmar, R. Villiard, É. Martel, A. Cadrin-Chênevert, É. Ledoux, C. Racicot, A. Bazzarelli, J. Pao, L. Chen, M. Zhang, E. McKevitt, R. Warburton, U. Kuusk, N. Van Laeken, E. Bovill, K. Isaac, Carol Dingee, C. Cuthbert, K. Fergus, L. Barbera, Y. Efegoma, D. Howell, S. Isherwood, N. Levasseur, Alice Künzgen Scheer, C. Simmons, A. Srikantham, C. Temple-Orberle, Y. Xu, K. Metcalfe, M. Quan, J. la, S. Merchant, G. Digby, A. Brind’Amour, Lucas Sidéris, P. Dubé, L. De Guerke, S. Fortin, M. Auclair, B. Trilling, J. Tremblay, B. Hopkins, S.Y.N. Wong, S. Meterissian, Nunzia Barone, B. Hopkins, S. Dumitra, P. Kaneva, J. Fiore, S. Meterissian, E. McKevitt, R. Warburton, L. Chen, A. Bazzarelli, J. Pao, E. Bovill, M. Zhang, U. Kuusk, K. Isaac, N. Van Laeken, C. Dingee, E. McKevitt, R. Warburton, J. Pao, C. Dingee, A. Bazarelli, U. Kuusk, L. Chen, K. DeGirolamo, E. McKevitt, J. Pao, C. Dingee, A. Bazzarelli, R. Warburton, Abdullah A Ali, D. Eymae, K. Lee, S. Brar, J. Conner, Marco Magalhaes, C. Swallow, C. Baliski, A. Sari, D. Messenger, David K. Driman, N. Assarzadegan, A. Juda, C. Swallow, E. Kennedy, M. Brar, J. Conner, R. Kirsch, K. Singh, A. Lamontagne, Y. Gamache, A. Allard-Coutu, C. Lee, R. Duckworth, M. Brindle, F. Fraulin, Lawrence Austen, J. Kortbeek, M. Hyndman, G. Jamjoum, A. Meguerditchian, Y. Yuan Xu, Songquan Kong, M. Quan, H. Retrouvey, I. Kerrebijn, K. Butler, A. O’Neill, T. Cil, Tingting Zhong, S. Hofer, D. McCready, K. Metcalfe, B. Greene, NJ Look Hong, J. Skipworth, Alexis E. Mah, S. Desai, S. Chung, C. Scudamore, M. Segedi, E. Vasilyeva, Janet Li, P. Kim, Andy Deprato, K. Purich, J. Kung, D. Bigam, K. Dajani, R. Gilbert, R. Smoot, G. Martel, C. Tzeng, F. Rocha, L Yohanathan, S. Cleary, K. Bertens, D. Badrudin, B. Gala-Lopez, S. Brogly, X. Wei, C. Booth, S. Nanji, N. Coburn, A. Mahar, J. Callum, Y. Kaliwal, S. Jayaraman, A. Wei, G. Martel, J. Hallet, S. Jayaraman, A. Wei, A. Mahar, Y. Kaliwal, G. Martel, N. Coburn, J. Hallet, B. Barrette, Samantha Pelletier, P. Thebault, E. Beaudry-Simoneau, Z. Rong, M. Plasse, A. Roy M. Dagenais, R. Létourneau, Robert J. LaPointe, F. Vandenbroucke-Menu, Bui Anh Duy Nguyen, G. Soucy, Sophie-Anne Turcotte, E. Waugh, K. Leslie, Douglas Quan, A. Skaro, E. Tang, L. Allen, Juan Glinka, G. Jada, D. Quan, J. Daza, V. Li, H. Msallak, B. Zhang, A. Workneh, S. Faisal, R. Faisal, M. Fabbro, C. Gu, M. Claassen, V. Zuk, Guillaume Martel, G. Sapisochin, P. Serrano, A. Skaro, K. Leslie, G. Jada, D. Quan, E. Tang, M. Lemke, J. Glinka, A. Skaro, K. Leslie, E. Tang, D. Breadner, R. Liu, E. Tang, L. Allen, S. Welch, A. Skaro, K. Leslie, Evelynne Waugh, E. Tang, G. Jada, D. Quan, A. Skaro, E Lester, A. Shapiro, D. Eurich, D. Bigam, A. Nayyar, M. Suraju, S. Williams-Perez, P. Ear, Christian Derek Chan, M. Rivers-Bowerman, Ana Lice Mendes Costa, A. Stueck, N. Campbell, S. Allen, B. Gala-Lopez, T. Lenet, S. Cleary, R. Smoot, C. Tzeng, F. Rocha, G. Martel, K. Bertens, H. Golding, S. McKeown, S. Nanji, J. Flemming, P. Groome, M. Djerboua, S. Nanji, J. Flemming, P. Groome, S. Turcotte, Émilie Girard, P. Morency-Potvin, Robert J. LaPointe, F. Vandenbroucke-Menu, M. Dagenais, A. Roy, R. Letourneau, M. Plasse, E. Simoneau, Z. Rong, M. Oakley, B. Misheva, Y. Bendavid, S. Lemieux, David Breton, G. Bouchard, S. Drolet, L. Smith, J. Tan, U. Kahn, V. Mocanu, D. Birch, S. Karmali, N. Switzer, X. Paré, A. Doyon, K. Schwenger, J. Yadav, S. Fischer, T. Jackson, J. Allard, A. Okrainec, Sara - Anvari, M. Chu, O. Lovrics, I. Aditya, R. Malhan, A. Khondker, M. Walsh, A. Doumouras, D. Hong, A. Vergis, K. Hardy, R. Romanescu, Janice Linton, M. Fowler-Woods, A. Fowler-Woods, G. Shingoose, A. Vergis, Krista Hardy, M. Zmudzinski, T. McKechnie, Y. Lee, V. Archer, A. Doumouras, J. Abu Halimah, K. Ramji, V. Boudreau, V. Mocanu, G. Marcil, Jennifer Bao-Tran Dang, N. Switzer, D. Birch, S. Karmali, A. Mierzwa, A. Hardy-Henry, N. Kolozsvari, J. Hagen, Warren Sun, Jerry T. Dang, Valentin Mocanu, Janice Y. Kung, Noah J. Switzer, Daniel W. Birch, Shahzeer Karmali
Bibliographic record
VenueCanadian Journal of Surgery · 2021
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicEnhanced Recovery After Surgery
Canadian institutionsHumber River Regional HospitalNorth York General HospitalAlberta HealthPrincess Margaret Cancer CentreYork UniversityUniversity of ManitobaUniversity of SaskatchewanSt Mary's Hospital CentreSurrey Memorial HospitalHôpital Maisonneuve-RosemontToronto General HospitalSunnybrook HospitalSt. Michael's HospitalSunnybrook Health Science CentreWomen's College HospitalUniversity of TorontoUniversity of AlbertaUniversité du Québec à MontréalWestern UniversityUniversité de SherbrookeAlberta Health ServicesCentre Hospitalier de l’Université de MontréalQueen's UniversityUniversité LavalProvidence Health CareSt. Joseph’s Healthcare HamiltonHealth Sciences CentreUniversity of CalgaryKingston Health Sciences CentreUniversity of British Columbia, Okanagan CampusSimon Fraser UniversityJewish General HospitalCentre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-QuébecKelowna General HospitalOttawa HospitalUniversity of OttawaDalhousie UniversityCentre hospitalier universitaire de QuébecChildren's Hospital Research Institute of ManitobaUniversité de MontréalUniversity Health NetworkLondon Health Sciences CentreMcGill UniversityMcGill University Health CentreMemorial University of NewfoundlandSt. Paul's HospitalMcMaster UniversityNOSM UniversitySinai Health SystemFraser HealthCentre hospitalier de l'Université LavalUniversity of British ColumbiaBC Cancer Agency
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMedicineEndoscopyVideo gameMedical physicsSurgeryMultimedia
Abstract
Background: Procedural simulation has been shown to enhance early endoscopy training. In this proof of concept study, we aimed to show that a first-person shooter (FPS) video game with a novel in-house designed modified endoscope controller shares similar constructs with real-life endoscopy. Methods: A nonfunctioning colonoscope was fashioned to a wooden platform and suspended over a sensor connected to a computer. Customized software translated the colonoscope's movements into computer input. Participants completed the first three levels on an FPS video game, Portal (Valve Corporation), first using conventional mouse and keyboard controls and then using the novel endoscope controller. Twelve expert endoscopists and 12 surgical residents with minimal endoscopy experience participated. Participants were evaluated on the basis of completion time, number of button presses, and hand motion analyses. Results: Experts outperformed novices for time to study completion (expert 944 s, novice 1515 s; p = 0.006) and number of hand movements (expert 1263.1 s, novice 2052.6 s; p = 0.004) using the novel colonoscope controller. There was no difference in number of button presses or total path length travelled. Self-reported number of past endoscopies was moderately linearly correlated with time to game completion (r = -0.493, p = 0.020) and total hand movements (r = -0.462, p = 0.030). Novices and experts did not statistically differ while using the conventional video game controls. Conclusion: Experts outperformed novices using the endoscope controller but not the conventional game controller with respect to economy of movement and completion time. This result confirms that our endoscope-controlled video game shares similar constructs with real-life endoscopy and serves as a first step toward creating a more enjoyable and cheaper alternative to commercially available endoscopy simulators.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.003
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.592
Threshold uncertainty score1.000
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.029
GPT teacher head0.232
Teacher spread0.203 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations3
Published2021
Admission routes3
Has abstractyes