Nestling European Starlings (<i>Sturnus vulgaris</i>) adjust their begging calls in noise
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Anthropogenic noise, so common in cities, continues to increase with urbanisation. It adversely affects avian species that rely on acoustic forms of communication. The negative impacts are further exacerbated when parent-offspring communication is considered, especially in species where young are entirely dependent on the care of their parents. Our first objective was to study the effects that loud traffic noise had on nestling begging calls in European Starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, an urban-thriving species. For our second objective, we examined how this noise impacted parental provisioning and nestling condition. We found that the minimum frequency of the begging calls was higher in nestlings within experimental broods (exposed to traffic-noise playback) compared to that of nestlings in the control broods (exposed only to ambient noise). Also, nestlings in experimental broods continued to beg at a higher minimum frequency but with a narrowed bandwidth after the playback was stopped. Parental provisioning rates did not differ between control and experimental broods, nor did fledging success, although nestlings in the experimental group were in poorer condition. Our findings suggest that urban thrivers are affected by increasing traffic noise but have the phenotypic flexibility to adapt at a young age to maintain critical parent-offspring communication.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it