Parathormone enhances eryptosis in patients with end stage renal disease treated by hemodialysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Parathormone (PTH) and phosphorus, which are considered as uremic toxins, are associated with reduced red cell survival, yet with unproven mechanism. We aimed to assess the relation between PTH and phosphorus levels and eryptosis in patients with CKD5d treated by hemodialysis. METHODS: In a cohort of 85 patients with CKD5d treated by conventional hemodialysis, the percent of annexin V-binding RBCs was assessed by flow cytometry to indicate the percent of eryptotic RBCs. FINDINGS: The median percent of annexin V-binding RBCs was 2.3 (1.4-4.7)%. On linear regression analysis, PTH was independently associated with the percent of annexin V-binding RBCs (β = 0.003; 95% CI: 0.002-0.004; p < 0.001). The percent of annexin V-binding RBCs differed significantly in patients with low PTH (<150 pg/mL; 27/85, 31.8%), target PTH (150-600 pg/mL; 32/85, 37.6%), and high PTH (>600 pg/mL; 26/85, 30.6%) groups (1.24 [0.65-1.85]; 2.46 [1.73-4.05]; and 4.82 [3.45-5.61]%, respectively; p < 0.001). Considering the tertiles of the percent of annexin V binding RBCs, PTH increased significantly from 85 (50.6-273) in the 1st to 298.3 (172.8-606.8) in the 2nd and 827.6 (357.4-1171.3) pg/mL in the 3rd tertiles (p < 0.001). Phosphorus and calcium levels as well as the CaxPh product were similar among the three tertiles (p > 0.05). DISCUSSION: Patients with CKD5d express high rates of eryptosis. PTH excess in those patients may result in further eryptosis enhancement, and this represents a potential pathogenic mechanism linking hyperparathyroidism with the anemia of CKD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".