The link between executive function, socio‐emotional functioning and health‐related quality of life in children and adolescents with mild to moderate chronic kidney disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Children and adolescents with mild to moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at high risk for mild but persistent impairment in executive functions, which have been associated with low health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among children and adolescents with chronic health conditions. However, no similar link has been established among children and adolescents with mild to moderate CKD. Given the essential role executive functions play in the development of adequate cognitive, emotional and social skills, it is essential to gain a clearer understating of the magnitude and attributes of executive functions and its link to HRQOL in order to inform appropriate medical and educational interventions for this patient population. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between executive functions, socio-emotional functioning and HRQOL in children and adolescents with mild to moderate CKD. METHODS: A cross-sectional design was used for this secondary data analysis of 199 children and adolescents (ages 6-17) with mild to moderate CKD from the United States and Canada who receive care at hospitals associated with the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Study (CKiD). RESULTS: The presence of impairment in executive functions and socio-emotional functioning (internalizing problems) significantly predicted lower HRQOL after controlling for key covariates (i.e., maternal education, anaemia and hypertension). Further, internalizing problems partially mediated the relationship between executive functions and HRQOL such that impairment in executive functions predicted lower HRQOL directly and indirectly by contributing to higher internalizing problems, which further contributed to low HRQOL. CONCLUSION: This study underscores the importance of executive functions and socio-emotional functioning in the manifestation of HRQOL. Given that HRQOL is potentially compromised for many children and adolescents with mild to moderate CKD, it will be important for both clinicians and researchers to examine a range of factors, including executive functions and socio-emotional functioning, in order to optimize HRQOL.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".