Section 2: Corpus Studies Abstracts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Diverging patterns in mode's associations with other musical cues carry distinctive expressive connotations.The major and minor modes' relationship with loudness and timing are often understood in absolute terms, with major pieces described as being faster and louder than their minor counterparts.However, recent findings suggest mode's relationship to other cues shifted markedly in the Romantic era (Horn & Huron, 2015).Here we expand on previous work using cluster analysis to track expressive changes in music history, applying this technique to Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier (1722) and Chopin's Preludes (1839).Analyzing clusters of each composer reveals empirical support for mode's changing expressive associations.Specifically, Chopin's minor pieces are distinguished by fast attack rates and louder dynamics than Bach's, consistent with research highlighting mode's changing musical meaning.In tandem with our team's work performing perceptual experiments with these pieces, this analysis provides a valuable complement to the small but growing body of research exploring changes in the use of emotive acoustic cues over musical history.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.032 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.019 | 0.025 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.418 | 0.146 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".