Hybrid Grey Wolf Optimization-Based Gaussian Process Regression Model for Simulating Deterioration Behavior of Highway Tunnel Components
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Highway tunnels are one of the paramount infrastructure systems that affect the welfare of communities. They are vulnerable to higher limits of deterioration, yet there are limited available funds for maintenance and rehabilitation. This state of circumstances entails the development of a deterioration model to forecast the performance condition behavior of critical tunnel elements. Accordingly, this research paper proposes an integrated deterioration prediction model for five highway tunnel elements, namely, cast-in-place tunnel liners, concrete interior walls, concrete portal, concrete ceiling slab, and concrete slab on grade. The developed deterioration model is envisioned in two fundamental components, which are model calibration and model assessment. In the first component, an integrated model of Gaussian process regression and a grey wolf optimization algorithm (GWO-GPR) is introduced for deterioration behavior prediction of highway tunnel elements. In this regard, the grey wolf optimizer is exploited to improve the prediction accuracies of the Gaussian process through optimal estimation of its hyper parameters and to automatically interpret the significant deterioration factors. The second component involves three tiers of performance evaluation comparison, statistical significance comparisons, and consolidated ranking to assess the prediction accuracies of the developed GWO-GPR model. In this regard, the developed model is validated against six widely acknowledged machine learning models, which are back-propagation artificial neural network, Elman neural network, cascade forward neural network, generalized regression neural network, support vector machines, and regression tree. Results demonstrate that the developed GWO-GPR model significantly outperformed other deterioration prediction models in the five tunnel elements. In cast-in-place tunnel liners it accomplished a mean absolute percentage error, mean absolute error, root mean square percentage error, root relative squared error, and relative absolute error of 1.65%, 0.018, 0.21%, 0.018, and 0.147, respectively. In this context, it was inferred that the developed GWO-GPR model managed to reduce the prediction errors of the back-propagation artificial neural network, Elman neural network, and support vector machines by 84.71%, 76.91%, and 69.6%, respectively. It can be concluded that the developed deterioration model can assist transportation agencies in creating timely and cost-efficient maintenance schedules of highway tunnels.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it