<i>In Situ</i> Visualization on Surface Oxidative Corrosion with Free Radicals: Black Phosphorus Nanoflake as an Example
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Free radicals exert a significant impact on the fate of redox-active substances and play a crucial role in the surface corrosion of solid in environment. Dynamic visualization on the response of the surface to the free radicals at nanoscale is essential to explore the mechanism. Environmental transmission electron microscopy will be a powerful tool for dynamic changes of the interface redox process of solid surface with electron beams induced free radicals, to simulate the redox process of a solid in the environment. Black phosphorus (BP), an environment-sensitive material, is selected as an example to visualize the degradation pathways with environmental transmission electron microscopy. The distribution of the corrosion initiation points, formation and growth of corrosion areas, and the eventual splintering and disappearance of BP nanoflakes are recorded vividly. In situ results are substantiated by the ex situ experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Results show that degradation originates at the edges and defect structures when the humidity reaches high enough. The microscopic structural oxidative etching of solid surface with radicals in natural light is simulated with radicals produced by electron beam irradiation on suspending medium O 2 and H 2 O for the first time. This method will offer unprecedented details and valuable insights into the mechanism involved in the oxidative etching with natural light.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".