Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction"More Jamaican women migrating to Canada, Statistics reveal" is a headline in the Jamaican newspaper The Gleaner in January (2018) discussing the recent census results gathered in Canada from 2012 to 2016.The data indicates that almost 20,000 more Jamaican women than men migrated to Canada within that time span, demonstrating a recent disparity in migrants' gender distribution.The socioeconomic phenomenon of Jamaican women contributing as labour workers to the Canadian economy is, however, not new.Initially, Jamaican men were among the first Caribbean people to enter the country during the colonial period to work in the mining industries.After World War II, men worked seasonally in the horticulture industry or as railroad labourers.However, women started to dominate Jamaican migration to Canada in the mid-1950s.Each year from 1955 onwards, women from Jamaica and Barbados between the ages of 18 and 35, received entry visas to work in Canadian households and nursing professions (Thomas 2012).During this period, over 2,000 women took the opportunity and entered the Canadian territories (Magocsi 1999).As immigration policies changed to a less discriminatory points system in the 1960s and the Family Reunification Act after 1970 allowed spouses and children to join family members who had migrated earlier (Kelley/Trebilcock 2010), Jamaican migration to Canada remained increasingly steady.Already in the 1980s, with the intensification of international relations as well as neoliberalist and globalizing processes, the focus of migration research expanded.Alongside an increasing interest in intersectional parameters of migrants, the positionality of women as social agents in the migratory process became relevant.According to a report from the International Migration Organization (IOM) in 2018, an estimated number of 1.3 million Jamaican-born persons permanently reside abroad, amounting to at least 36.1 percent of the national population (Thomas-Hope et al. 2018).Additionally, the foreign-born second and third generations -who associate their ethnic origin and identity with Jamaica-bring the total number that comprises the diaspora to a size equivalent to that of the population of 2.9 million of Jamaica itself (Plaza/Henry 2006: xvii).Jamaican-Canadians make up one of the largest non-European ethnic groups in Canada and are the leading collective of West Indian migration in general.Census data of 2016
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".