Combined Effect of Pressurized Water and Sustained Load on Self-Healing of Engineered Cementitious Composite Panels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents an investigation on the water tightness/self-healing of engineered cementitious composite (ECC) elements subjected to direct tension cracking and exposed to the coupled effect of sustained loading and pressurized water. A setup was presented to simulate a wall segment of liquid containing structures subjected to direct tensile forces. The experimental program included ECC panels with different supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), comprising fly ash Class-F, fly ash Class-C, and granulated blast furnace slag. Each panel was subjected to direct tensile load to induce full depth cracks and then a leakage test was carried out under sustained load and various water pressures. To consider the effect of ECC composition on the cracking/self-healing behavior of panels exposed to loading and pressurized water, the leakage rate was continuously studied until complete sealing. Additionally, a detailed microstructural analysis was completed on full depth drilled cores, in which the samples were taken from three layers of the healed cracks to investigate the influence of pressurized water on the self-healing products. The results of this study confirmed the high effect of water pressure and SCM type on the self-sealing capability of ECC, especially after the first 30 h of leakage. The fly ash-ECC panel was shown with lower crack opening and leakage rates, which also resulted in greater cracking/self-healing behavior under coupled sustained loading and high-water pressure. Different concentrations of CaCO3 and C-S-H/CH products were found in each crack mouth and elevation, indicating that self-healing under pressurized water likely developed from the core and bottom areas to the top layer of crack lines.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".