Spike initiation properties in the axon support high-fidelity signal transmission
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT The axon initial segment (AIS) converts graded depolarization into all-or-none spikes that are transmitted by the axon to downstream neurons. Analog-to-digital transduction and digital signal transmission call for distinct spike initiation properties (filters) and those filters should, therefore, differ between the AIS and distal axon. Here we show that unlike the AIS, which spikes repetitively during sustained depolarization, the axon spikes transiently and only if depolarization reaches threshold before K V 1 channels activate. Rate of depolarization is critical. This was shown by optogenetically evoking spikes in the distal axon of CA1 pyramidal neurons using different photostimulus waveforms and pharmacological conditions while recording antidromically propagated spikes at the soma, thus circumventing the prohibitive difficulty of patching intact axons. Computational modeling shows that K V 1 channels in the axon implement a high-pass filter that is matched to the axial current waveform associated with spike propagation, thus maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio to ensure high-fidelity transmission of spike-based signals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".