Fully Printed pH Sensor Based in Carbon Black/Polyaniline Nanocomposite
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this work, a fully screen-printed and flexible potentiometric pH sensor was designed and fabricated by incorporating a carbon black (CB) paste/polyaniline emeraldine salt (PANI-ES) nanocomposite as the working electrode and Ag/AgCl as the quasi-reference electrode. Rather than the PANI electrochemical polymerization deposition method, the PANI-ES was blended with a commercial CB paste for screen-printing, enabling a fully printed and scalable process. As a result, a nanocomposite mixture of 99.1% CB and 0.9% PANI-ES emerged as a promising nanocomposite candidate to develop high-performance pH sensors. The sensor exhibited a near Nernstian sensitivity of 50 mV/pH, response time of 15 s at room temperature, high linearity in the pH range between 3 and 11 and reversible pH sensing performance. The sensing mechanism depends mainly on the degree of the oxidation states transition of PANI-ES at different pH levels. The proposed flexible pH sensor can be used to monitor a patient’s health and water quality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".