Prepregnancy Body Mass Index Is Associated with Time-Dependent Changes in Secretory Activation Measures During the First 7 Days Postpartum in Breast Pump-dependent Mothers of Premature Infants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Little is known about the biology of secretory activation (SA) in overweight and obese (OW/OB) mothers who are breast pump dependent with a premature infant in the neonatal intensive care unit. Objective: To compare time-dependent changes in daily pumped milk volume, maternal milk sodium (Na) concentration, and Na-to-potassium (K) ratios (Na:K) in the first 14 days postpartum in breast pump-dependent mothers with prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) <27 and BMI ≥27 kg/m 2 . Design/Methods: This secondary analysis for 39 subjects, 44% ( n = 17) with prepregnancy BMI <27 and 56% ( n = 22) with BMI ≥27, included transformed data of outcome measures, chi-square, t -tests, and growth curve models. Results: For days 1–7, daily pumped milk volume increased significantly more rapidly for mothers with BMI <27 (65.82 mL/d) versus BMI ≥27 (33.08 mL/d), but the daily rate of change in pumped milk volume during days 8–14 was not statistically different. Daily milk Na concentration decreased significantly faster in BMI <27 (−3.93 mM/d) versus BMI ≥27 (−2.00 mM/day) during days 1–7, but was not significantly different for days 8–14. No statistical differences were noted for Na:K ratio for either time period. Conclusion: These data add biologic evidence to previous research, suggesting delayed or impaired SA in OW/OB mothers, and suggest that the window of opportunity for research and clinical interventions is days 1–7 postpartum in this population.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".