M-CSF-Stimulated CD11b+ Myeloid Cells Induce Alopecia Areata in C3H/HeJ Mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Alopecia areata (AA) is a T cell-mediated autoimmune skin disease with clinical features of hair loss and skin inflammation. It is unclear whether other immune cells except T lymphocytes are also involved in the development of AA. Here, our results reveal that dermal injection of either CD11b+ myeloid cells isolated from AA-affected skin or non-AA splenocyte-derived CD11b+ cells treated with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) induces AA in C3H/HeJ mice. The functional similarity of these cells in induction of AA seems to be due to a higher expression of M-CSF in AA affected skin. To explore the mechanism by which dermal injection of CD11b+ cells induce AA, we co-culture either AA derived skin cells or M-CSF-stimulated CD11b+ cells with naïve splenocytes. The results of splenocyte proliferation assay and immunoglobulin release in conditioned medium show a significant increase of splenocyte proliferation and IgG level in conditioned medium under both conditions as compared to controls. Most activated splenocytes induced by M-CSF-stimulated myeloid cells are B lymphocytes. B cell activation are further confirmed in AA-affected skin and skin draining lymph nodes of AA mice. In conclusion, in this study, we have provided evidence that M-CSF stimulated CD11b+ cells are able to induce AA in C3H/HeJ mice through a possible mechanism by activating B lymphocytes. This finding may provide insight for understanding the pathogenesis of AA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".