Interfacial Assembly of Graphene Oxide: From Super Elastic Interfaces to Liquid‐in‐Liquid Printing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Tailoring the oil/water (O/W) interface is a prerequisite for structuring these two immiscible liquids into prescribed architectures, i.e., liquid‐in‐liquid printing, which is an emerging area in material science. Here, assemblies of graphene oxide (GO) at O/W and air/W interfaces are characterized using a wide range of interfacial rheological techniques. It is shown that the GO nanosheets assemble at the interface, even at extremely low concentrations as low as 0.04 vol%, significantly increasing the elasticity at O/W or air/W interfaces. This is attributed to the combined hydrophobic and hydrophilic nature of GO. Interfacial elastic modulus of ≈1800 mN m −1 is achieved, making GO assemblies exceptional candidates for applications where stabilization of the O/W interface is indispensable. Herein, the super elastic character of the O/W interface with GO assemblies is capitalized for all‐liquid 2D printing in a low viscous oil, underscoring the utility of these all‐liquid systems for electronics, fluidic devices, and controlled release systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".