Changes in geographical runoff generation in regions affected by climate and resource development: A case study of the Athabasca River
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study is focused on the lower Athabasca Basin in northwestern Canada that has experienced rapid expansion of oil sands development. The goal of this study is to enhance the understanding of the regional role of the lower Athabasca Basin areas in overall runoff delivery to the downstream Peace-Athabasca Delta. The Cold-regions Hydrological Indicators of Change framework was applied to examine key hydro-ecological relevant indicators influencing the delta. Our novel approach yielded new insights that should be considered in water management. Primarily, a combined flow magnitude and relative flow contributions analysis by geography provides an improved understanding of contrasting runoff generation changes, in terms of opposing responses occurring within a basin. For instance, open-water low flows emanated from the upper regions and a generally increasing tendency from the lower regions. Furthermore, peak summer flows generally experienced decreases from the upper and portions of the lower basin, while contrary increasing tendencies emerged for the east bank of the lower Athabasca River mainstem. Moving beyond the traditional approach of looking only at the climate, landscape and geology were considered as potential causal factors for divergent runoff generation responses. Our approach is transferable to other regional studies.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".