Device- and Nondevice-Guided Slow Breathing to Reduce Blood Pressure in Patients with Hypertension: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Physiotherapy can include both device-guided slow breathing (DGSB) and nondevice-guided slow breathing (NDGSB) in the treatment of systemic arterial hypertension. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to summarize the effects of DGSB on blood pressure levels of patients with hypertension based on the published literature to date. METHODS: A systematic search of all published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of device-guided and nondevice-guided slow breathing in patients with hypertension, without language restriction, was carried out up to a publication date of January 2020 in nine databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), EMBASE, CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Scopus, Web of Science, and Livivo. Clinical trial records databases (ClinicalTrials.gov), and bases for the open gray literature, including Gray Literature Report and ProQuest Central (Citation, Abstract or Indexing, and Dissertations and Theses), were also searched for potentially eligible RCTs. The quality assessment of the included studies will be performed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials. The overall quality of the evidence for each outcome will be assessed using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Development and Evaluation) system. RESULTS: As of December 2021, the review was completed and all data from continuous variables referring to blood pressure values (mmHg) were synthesized. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review will provide a summary of the current evidence on the effects of both DGSB and NDGSB on blood pressure levels. This information can contribute to decision-making by health professionals related to the use of these interventions in patients with hypertension. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO (Prospective International Register of Systematic Reviews) CRD42020147554; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=147554. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR1-10.2196/33579.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.057 | 0.072 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.024 | 0.035 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.010 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.052 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".