10‐year frailty trajectory is associated with Alzheimer’s dementia after considering neuropathological burden
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
MAIN PROBLEM: Frailty is an established risk factor for cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. Few studies have examined the longitudinal relationship between frailty and cognition. METHODS: = 625, 67.5% female, 83.2 ± 5.9 years at baseline) underwent annual clinical evaluations (average follow-up 5.6 ± 3.7 years) followed by neuropathologic assessment after death. A frailty index was calculated from 41 health variables at each evaluation. Clinical diagnosis of MCI and/or dementia was ascertained by clinical data review (blinded to neuropathological data) after death. Age, sex, education, and neuropathological burden (10-item index) were evaluated as covariates. Frailty trajectories were calculated using a mixed effects model. RESULTS: At baseline the mean frailty index = 0.24 ± 0.12 and increased at rate of 0.026 or ~1 deficit per year. At death, 27.7% of the sample had MCI, and 38.6% had dementia. Frailty trajectories were significantly steeper among those individuals who were ultimately diagnosed as clinically impaired prior to death, even after controlling for age, sex, education, and neuropathological index. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest a strong link between health status (frailty index) and dementia, even after considering neuropathology. Frailty trajectories were associated with risk for MCI and dementia, underscoring the importance of addressing frailty to manage dementia risk.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it