Temperature-Controlled Dual-Beam Optical Trap for Single Particle Studies of Organic Aerosol
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An optical trapping cell that is capable of suspending particles using two counter-propagating beams in a temperature-controlled environment is reported here. With this dual-beam optical trap, we are able to hold single micron-sized droplets at temperatures down to 253 K (-20 °C) for hours at a time and in metastable (supercooled) states. As particles are trapped at the shared focal points of two intense beams, strong cavity-enhanced Raman scattering (CERS) is observed and allows for high precision measurements of physical properties. Here, the evaporation of highly oxygenated organic systems was monitored using CERS and was used to determine temperature-dependent vapor pressures and enthalpies of vaporization. The wavelength- and temperature-dependent optical properties were also simultaneously retrieved using CERS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".