Association of placental pathology and gross morphology with autism spectrum disorders
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study evaluated the association between placental pathology and gross morphology and the risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We conducted a matched case-control study of children with confirmed ASD who were born between 2000 and 2017 at one of three university-affiliated hospitals in Montreal, Quebec. Cases, who were identified through the Montreal Children's Hospital Autism Spectrum Disorders Program, were matched to babies (1:5) born at the same hospital and on the same day. Multi-fetal births were excluded. Maternal demographics, pregnancy characteristics and placental pathologies were collected from hospital charts by abstractors blind to autism diagnoses. This current study consisted of data from a single-site that had pathology reports available. Pearson chi-square and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to estimate p-values. Our study consisted of 107 ASD cases and 526 matched controls. Mothers of cases and controls were similar in terms of parity, gravidity, smoking status, BMI, rates of clinical chorioamnionitis, chronic hypertension, and gestational diabetes. Age at delivery of <25 years was more common among mothers of controls. Compared with controls, cases were more likely born male, <32 weeks of gestation, and weighing <1500 g. Cases and controls had similar rates of placental inflammation, vasculitis, and other placental pathologies. There were no differences in placental weight, placental thickness, umbilical cord length, and umbilical cord insertion between the two groups. In conclusion, placental pathology and gross morphology do not appear to be associated with ASD, suggesting that any perinatal determinants of autism are not likely to be mediated through placental pathology. LAY SUMMARY: Data from a matched case-control study consisting of neonates born between 2000 and 2017 at one of three McGill-affiliated hospitals were used to examine the relationship between placental pathology and morphology and the development of autism. No differences in placental pathology and gross morphology were found between those with and without autism, which suggests that placental abnormalities are unlikely to either cause or mediate the development of autism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".