Hydroxychloroquine Use and Cardiovascular Events Among Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the potential temporal association between hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) use and cardiovascular (CV) events among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: We conducted a nested case-control study within inception cohorts of SLE and RA patients using administrative health databases including the entire population of British Columbia, Canada. We identified cases with incident CV events, including myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, or venous thromboembolism (VTE). We matched each case with up to 3 controls on age, sex, and rheumatic disease. HCQ exposure was categorized by the time between the last HCQ prescription date covered and the index date as current use, recent use, remote use, or never used. We used conditional logistic regression to assess the association between HCQ exposure and CV events, using remote use as the reference group. RESULTS: We identified 10,268 cases and 29,969 controls. Adjusted conditional odd ratios (cORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for current HCQ use relative to remote use were 0.86 (0.77-0.97) for combined CV events, 0.88 (0.74-1.05) for MI, 0.87 (0.74-1.03) for stroke, and 0.74 (0.59-0.94) for VTE. Recent HCQ users and nonusers had similar odds of combined CV events as remote users (cORs 0.93, 95% CI 0.77-1.13 and 0.96, 95% CI 0.88-1.04, respectively). CONCLUSION: In this nested case-control study of patients with SLE and RA, we found a reduced risk of overall CV events associated with current HCQ use, including reductions in VTE and trends toward reductions in MI and stroke. These findings suggest a possible cardiovascular preventative benefit of HCQ use.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it