A Temperature-Aware Fully-Wireless mm-Scale Optically-Enhanced Optogenetic Neuro-Stimulator
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The design, development, and experimental validation of an inductively-powered 4-channel optical neuro-stimulator integrated circuit (IC) with on-chip neural recording, temperature monitoring, signal processing, and bidirectional wireless data communication are presented. Each stimulation channel employs a novel current amplifier that drives 0.1-10mA into the channel's dedicated µLED with only 150mV required headroom (smallest reported in literature). The amplifier yields a constant gain of 850A/A for the entire output current range, despite experiencing large supply voltage variations. The system's energy efficiency is further improved by inkjet printing of custom-designed optical µlenses on top of the device to enhance the generated light directivity. The chip is capable of simultaneous optical stimulation and LFP monitoring, that allows for on-the-fly stimulation parameter adjustment. A high-precision (0.1°C) temperature readout circuit is also integrated on the chip to shut off stimulation upon detection of an unsafe temperature increase. The IC is fabricated in a standard 130nm CMOS process and occupies 6mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Measurement results for different sensory/communication blocks are presented, as well as in-vitro experimental validation results showing simultaneous optical stimulation, electrical recording, and calcium imaging.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".