Thin-shell approach for modeling superconducting tapes in the <i>H</i>-<i>φ</i> finite-element formulation
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This paper presents a novel finite-element (FE) approach for the electromagnetic modeling of superconducting coated conductors with transport currents. We combine a thin-shell (TS) method to the H - φ -formulation to avoid the meshing difficulties related to the high aspect ratio of these conductors and reduce the computational burden in simulations. The interface conditions in the TS method are defined using an auxiliary 1-D FE discretization of N elements along the thinnest dimension of the conductor. This procedure permits the approximation of the superconductor’s nonlinearities inside the TS in a time-transient analysis. Four application examples of increasing complexity are discussed: (1) single coated conductor, (2) two closely packed conductors carrying anti-parallel currents, (3) a stack of 20 superconducting tapes and (4) a full representation of a high-temperature superconducting tape comprising a stack of thin films. In all these examples, the profiles of both the tangential and normal components of the magnetic field show good agreement with a reference solution obtained with the standard 2-D H - φ -formulation. Results are also compared with the widely used T - A -formulation. This formulation is shown to be dual to the TS model with a single FE ( N = 1) in the auxiliary 1-D systems. The increase of N in the TS model is shown to be advantageous at small inter-tape separation and low transport current since it allows the tangential components of the magnetic field to penetrate the thin region. The reduction in computational cost without compromising accuracy makes the proposed model promising for the simulation of large-scale superconducting applications.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it