Investigating the Impacts of Longitudinal and Lateral Distances on theLift and Drag Coefficients of two Closely Moving Vehicles
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The limitations in using conventional wind tunnels and rapid developments in computer hardware have led to considerable efforts to study the vehicle aerodynamics using the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) capabilities for the last decade.The main objective of this paper is to investigate the changes in lift and drag coefficient of two closely moving vehicles subject to their lateral and longitudinal distances.We investigate two longitudinal distances of 0.2 and 2 m and two lateral distances of 0.2 and 1 m in this study.Simplified vehicle geometry, say the standard Ahmed body model, is used as the benchmark vehicle to carry on the investigation.The CFD methods are used to compute the flow patterns around the vehicle.The investigation in longitudinal distance shows that the drag coefficient of both vehicles significantly decreases, specifically the front one.Also, the lift coefficients of both vehicles reduce, and this force transforms to downforce for the rear vehicle.The investigation in lateral distance indicates that the drag coefficient depends on the attributed distance; however, the lift coefficient reduces in both distances.In the lateral distance, one expects equal coefficients for both vehicles; however, the results show that there is slight difference between them.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it