Numerical Study on Resistance to Flow in Meandering Channels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Focusing on the effect of the meandering planform, two functions are investigated by a numerical experiment: the first represents the ratio between the intensities of the resisting forces acting on a meandering flow and its corresponding straight flow; and the second represents the ratio between the intensities of the resisted meandering flow itself and its corresponding straight flow. Both functions depend on the sinuosity (or relative curvature) and the width-to-depth ratio. The two functions and their numerical results are thoroughly analyzed, showing the following: (1) meandering causes an increase in the resistance to flow, with a greater resistance occurring in the stream having an “intermediate” sinuosity (or “large” relative curvature) and a “small” width-to-depth ratio; (2) there is an imbalance between the driving and resisting forces in a meandering stream, and the degree of this imbalance has a direct interrelation with the intensity of the “kinetic-energy-weighted” convergence of flow; and (3) the ratio of kinetic to potential energy of a meandering flow cannot be reflected by the square of the (Chézy) resistance factor alone, and the two things manifest different variation patterns versus the sinuosity and the width-to-depth ratio. These findings are likely to advance the understanding of the resistance to flow in meandering channels.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".