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Record W4200622080 · doi:10.21009/jpud.152.04

Parents’ Perception: Early Childhood Social Behaviour During Physical Distancing in the Covid-19 Pandemic

2021· article· en· W4200622080 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueJPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini · 2021
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicEducational Methods and Impacts
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsSocial distancePsychologyDistancingDevelopmental psychologyPandemicPerceptionDescriptive statisticsCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)Social psychologyMedicineDisease

Abstract

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During physical distancing, children do not meet their peers to play or talk together. Peer relationships have a crucial influence on all child development, especially for social skills or behaviour during early childhood. This study aims to determine changes in children's social behaviour during physical distancing during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research method is a descriptive quantitative study designed with the percentage value was used as a score for measuring the results of parental observations of children concerning the child's social behaviour instrument. Quota sampling (150 parents) was used to reach participants from various cities in Indonesia to see cultural differences. Data on children's social behaviour was obtained using the Preschool and Kindergarten Behaviour Scale (PKBS) tests. The data were then analysed using descriptive statistics. The results show that there are changes in children's social behaviour during physical distancing. Children who are less independent (58.9%) are the biggest decline in social behaviour reported by parents, while the one who changes the least is cleaning up the mess that has been made (38.7%). The implication of the results of this study is that parents should continue to pay attention to their children's social behaviour by providing opportunities for children to interact with peers in the house while still paying attention to health protocols. Keywords: Early Childhood, Social Behaviour, Physical Distancing References: Aksoy, P., & Baran, G. (2010). Review of studies aimed at bringing social skills for children in preschool period. Procedia - Social and Behavioural Sciences, 9, 663–669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.12.214 Al-Tammemi, A. B. (2020). The Battle Against COVID-19 in Jordan: An Early Overview of the Jordanian Experience. Frontiers in Public Health, 8(May), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00188 Arkorful, V., & Abaidoo, N. (2015). The role of e-learning, advantages, and disadvantages of its adoption in higher education. International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning, 12(1), 29–42. Atiles, J. T., Almodóvar, M., Chavarría Vargas, A., Dias, M. J. A., & Zúñiga León, I. M. (2021). International responses to COVID-19: Challenges faced by early childhood professionals. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 29(1), 66–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2021.1872674 Baloran, E. T. (2020). Knowledge, Attitudes, Anxiety, and Coping Strategies of Students during COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 25(8), 635–642. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2020.1769300 Berns, R. M. (2007). Child, Family, School, and Community. Cengage. Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 395(10227), 912–920. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8 Cachón-Zagalaz, J., Zagalaz-Sánchez, M. L., Arufe-Giráldez, V., Sanmiguel-Rodríguez, A., & González-Valero, G. (2021). Physical activity and daily routine among children aged 0-12 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020703 Ceylan, S. S., Erdoğan, Ç., & Turan, T. (2021). Investigation of the effects of restrictions applied on children during Covid-19 pandemic. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 61, 340–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2021.09.013 Chaelin, K. R. et al. (2018). Association of Digital Media Use with Subsequent Symptoms of Attention Defi-cit/Hyperactivity Disorder Among Adolescents. J. Am. Med. Assoc. Corredor, G. A., Justicia-Arráez, A., Romero-López, M., & Benavides-Nieto, A. (2017). Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Social Competence on Behavioral Problems. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 237(June 2016), 479–485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2017.02.093 de Figueiredo, C. S., Sandre, P. C., Portugal, L. C. L., Mázala-de-Oliveira, T., da Silva Chagas, L., Raony, Í., Ferreira, E. S., Giestal-de-Araujo, E., dos Santos, A. A., & Bomfim, P. O. S. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic impact on children and adolescents’ mental health: Biological, environmental, and social factors. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 106(November 2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110171 Diesendruck, G., & Ben-Eliyahu, A. (2006). The relationships among social cognition, peer acceptance, and social behavior in Israeli kindergarteners. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 30(2), 137–147. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025406063628 Dong, C., Cao, S., & Li, H. (2020). Young children’s online learning during COVID-19 pandemic: Chinese parents’ beliefs and attitudes. Children and Youth Services Review, 118(September), 105440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105440 Gay, L. R., Mills, G. E., & Airasian, P. W. (2012). Educational research: Competencies for analysis and applications(10th ed). Pearson. Gelir, I., & Duzen, N. (2021). Children’s changing behaviours and routines, challenges, and opportunities for parents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Education 3-13, 0(0), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2021.1921822 Goldschmidt, K. (2020). The COVID-19 Pandemic: Technology use to Support the Wellbeing of Children. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 53(xxxx), 88–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2020.04.013 Goodman, A., Joshi, H., & Nasim, B. (2015). Social and emotional skills in childhood and their long-term effects on adult life. A Review for The Eraly Intervention Foundation, March, 118. Grier, L. K., & Boutakidis, I. (2018). The ecology of social support in relation to academic and behavioral self-perceptions among African American boys and girls. Journal of Human Behaviour in The Social Environment, 28(6), 798–816. Gülay, H., & Önder, A. (2013). A study of social-emotional adjustment levels of preschool children in relation to peer relationships. Education 3-13, 41(5), 514–522. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2011.609827 Hu, B. Y., Johnson, G. K., Teo, T., & Wu, Z. (2020). Relationship Between Screen Time and Chinese Children’s Cognitive and Social Development. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 34(2), 183–207. https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2019.1702600 Idoiaga Mondragon, N., Berasategi Sancho, N., Dosil Santamaria, M., & Eiguren Munitis, A. (2021). Struggling to breathe: A qualitative study of children’s wellbeing during lockdown in Spain. Psychology and Health, 36(2), 179–194. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2020.1804570 Izza, H. (2020). Meningkatkan Perkembangan Sosial Anak Usia Dini melalui Metode Proyek. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 4(2), 951. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v4i2.483 Koh, W. C., Naing, L., & Wong, J. (2020). Estimating the impact of physical distancing measures in containing COVID-19: An empirical analysis. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 100, 42–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.026 Kusuma, L., Dimyati, & Harun. (2022). Perhatian Orang tua dalam Mendukung Keterampilan Sosial Anak selama Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 6(1), 473–491. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i1.959 Kyriazis, A., Mews, G., Belpaire, E., Aerts, J., & Malik, S. A. (2020). Physical distancing, children, and urban health. Cities & Health, 00(00), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2020.1809787 Lau, E. Y. H., & Lee, K. (2020). Parents’ Views on Young Children’s Distance Learning and Screen Time During COVID-19 Class Suspension in Hong Kong. Early Education and Development, 00(00), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2020.1843925 Leeuw, R. A. De, Logger, D. N., Westerman, M., Bretschneider, J., Plomp, M., & Scheele, F. (2019). Influencing factors in the implementation of postgraduate medical e-learning: A thematic analysis. 1–10. Liu, Y., Yue, S., Hu, X., Zhu, J., Wu, Z., Wang, J., & Wu, Y. (2021). Associations between feelings/behaviors during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and depression/anxiety after lockdown in a sample of Chinese children and adolescents. Journal of Affective Disorders, 284(November 2020), 98–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.02.001 Mantovani, S., Bove, C., Ferri, P., Manzoni, P., Cesa Bianchi, A., & Picca, M. (2021). Children ‘under lockdown’: Voices, experiences, and resources during and after the COVID-19 emergency. Insights from a survey with children and families in the Lombardy region of Italy. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 29(1), 35–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2021.1872673 McCormack, G. R., Doyle-Baker, P. K., Petersen, J. A., & Ghoneim, D. (2020). Parent anxiety and perceptions of their child’s physical activity and sedentary behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. Preventive Medicine Reports, 20, 101275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101275 Melinda, A. E., & Izzati. (2014). Perkembangan Sosial Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Undiksha, 9(1), 127–131. Merell, K. W. (2013). Prechool and kindergarten behavior scales. In Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling(Vol. 53, Issue 9). Merkaš, M., Perić, K., & Žulec, A. (2021). Parent Distraction with Technology and Child Social Competence during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Parental Emotional Stability. Journal of Family Communication, 21(3), 186–204. https://doi.org/10.1080/15267431.2021.1931228 Mochida, S., Sanada, M., Shao, Q., Lee, J., Takaoka, J., Ando, S., & Sakakihara, Y. (2021). Factors modifying children’s stress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2021.1872669 Mohamed, A. H. H. (2017). Gender as a moderator of the association between teacher – chi

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesScience and technology studies
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.179
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.091
GPT teacher head0.422
Teacher spread0.331 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it