Operations research for planning and managing city logistics systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
City Logistics defines an integrated logistics system, based on stakeholders' cooperation, resource sharing, consolidation, synchronization of operations, multi- and intermodal transport, and the separation of commercial transactions generating demand for goods movements from the planning and execution of the supply activities addressing this demand. Operations Research provides the methodology to design and deploy the advanced planning and management decision-support tools needed to account for the complexity of City Logistics systems and to reach their goals of service, economic, and environmental efficiency, the latter being particularly important in view of the growing climate-change crisis and the immense and accelerating impact of transportation on climate change. We recall the systemic view of City Logistics and its paradigm-changing role for urban freight transportation and logistics. We then review the main Operations Research methods addressing the City Logistics supply-planning issues at strategic, tactical-operational, and dynamic-management levels.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.016 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.027 | 0.011 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".