Retained Austenite Transformation-Induced Residual Stress Change in Carburized 16MnCr5 Steel
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Carburization, a heat treatment commonly used in industries to improve fatigue performance of components, usually results in untransformed austenite in a transformed matrix of martensite or other phases. The subsequent transformation of the retained austenite due to service loading is complex and can result in the alteration of beneficial residual stresses. The amount of retained austenite decomposed under a few axial loading cases was determined by measuring the retained austenite content before and after loading of through-carburized- and carburized case only (composite)–hardened 16MnCr5 steel samples. Separate case and core stress−strain curves and the retained austenite transformation in the case layer of the composite model were used to predict the stress−strain and the residual stress behavior of the composite samples with a simple compatibility model and a finite element model.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".