Participation in (non)salient linguistic change over the lifespan: An examination of panel speakers’ life stories
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This paper addresses linguistic change over the lifespan by examining two cases of variation in the speech of the minority Francophone community of Welland, Ontario: (i) consequence markersso, fait que, alors, anddonc(“therefore”) and (ii) markers of restrictionjuste,seulement que, (r)ien que, and (ne…)que(“only”). Using two sociolinguistic corpora collected 40 years apart, this paper first examines the impact of social factors on both cases at the community level, revealing thatsoandjusteare rising at the expense of their competitors, and documenting differences in the speed of each rise and in the social marking of the rising variant. Second, it examines whether 12 speakers recorded in both corpora are participating in each rise, revealing important interindividual differences, including, for some, patterns of age‐grading that go against the community trends. Explanations for these patterns are linked to the 12 speakers’ sociolinguistic life stories.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".