PLoS Biology Issue Image | Vol. 5(8) August 2007
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Elephantidae phylogeny and mastodon (Mammut americanum) outgroup.The complete mitochondrial genome sequence from a mastodon tooth dated to 50,000–130,000 years ago that was recovered in Alaska clarifies the evolutionary history of elephants and mammoths. Using the mastodon sequence as an outgroup allowed the unambiguous determination that the mammoth and the Asian elephant are sister species and also provided a time scale for the speciation of mammoths and the elephant species (see Rohland et al.).Image Credit: Background painting by George Teichmann (http://www.iceagebeasts.com/) from the Yukon Department of Palaeontology Art Collection, Accession number 13 (http://www.beringia.com/). Skeleton sketch from Lehrbuch der Geologischen Formationskunde by Emanuel Kayser, published by Verlag von Ferdinand Enke, Stutgart, Germany, 1902. Photograph of tooth by Paul Matheus. Overall illustration created by Sabine Giesser and Knut Finstermeier
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.573 | 0.261 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".