Bibliographic record
Abstract
Kazakh has an asymmetrical dorsal consonant inventory. Velars and uvulars are involved in two restrictions. First, the dorsal consonants are restricted in their place of articulation depending on neighbouring vowels. Velars appear in front vowel environments and uvulars appear in back vowel environment. Second, the dorsal consonants are restricted in voicing in the stem-final position. Voiceless velars and uvulars appear word-finally, while voiced velars and uvulars appear intervocalically with a following vowel-initial suffix. The existing descriptions regarding Kazakh dorsals contain limited amounts of data, and so an elicitation-based production experiment using nonce words with a native Kazakh speaker was conducted. Different acoustic properties, including closure duration, voice onset time, frication duration, centre of gravity, vowel duration, and F2 values, were examined with the purpose of determining whether the participant varied in their production of target velars and uvulars that could distinguish between place of articulation and voicing. The acoustic properties reveal that the place of articulation restriction is not productive, while the voicing restriction is productive.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".