Targeted blockade of immune mechanisms inhibit B precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell invasion of the central nervous system
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) dissemination to the central nervous system (CNS) is a challenging clinical problem whose underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show that primary human ALL samples injected into the femora of immunodeficient mice migrate to the skull and vertebral bone marrow and provoke bone lesions that enable passage into the subarachnoid space. Treatment of leukemia xenografted mice with a biologic antagonist of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) blocks this entry route. In addition to erosion of cranial and vertebral bone, samples from individuals with B-ALL also penetrate the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier of recipient mice. Co-administration of C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and RANKL antagonists attenuate both identified routes of entry. Our findings suggest that targeted RANKL and CXCR4 pathway inhibitors could attenuate routes of leukemia blast CNS invasion and provide benefit for B-ALL-affected individuals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".