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FCPA Watch: 2016 - 2020 Enforcement Trends

2020· article· en· W4205674893 on OpenAlexvenueno aff
Sherry Huang Sherry Huang

Bibliographic record

VenueInternational Journal of Computer Auditing · 2020
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPsychology
TopicBehavioral and Psychological Studies
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsEnforcementBusinessPolitical scienceCriminologyPsychologyLaw

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

In current situation, companies who accept bribes would receive huge panalties and economic losses.Corporate governance should come up with the solution to prevent enterprise bribery and correction.Enterprises need to build their compliance strategies of anti-corruption and anti-bribery to prevent risks [1].With the increased globalization business environment and complex business models, an enterprise is going to face corruption risk inland or aboard.Current situation of global anti-bribery enforcement enforced strictly, especially Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) enforcement.FCPA was legislated in 1977 and amended three times in 1988, 1994 and 1998.The purpose is to forbid American citizens to bribe enterprises and foreign government officials.It could create fair and honest business environment to develop and maintain specific business action.FCPA mainly includes anti-bribery and accounting clause.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.008
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.090
Threshold uncertainty score0.301

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0030.008
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.001
Bibliometrics0.0040.004
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0050.004
Open science0.0020.002
Research integrity0.0040.003
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0900.061

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.164
GPT teacher head0.363
Teacher spread0.199 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2020
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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