Design and Analysis of a 35 GHz Rectenna System for Wireless Power Transfer to an Unmanned Air Vehicle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this article, the concept of a 22-kW microwave-powered unmanned aerial vehicle is presented. Its system architecture is analyzed and modeled for wirelessly transferring microwave power to the flying UAVs. The microwave system transmitting power at a 35 GHz frequency was found to be suitable for low-cost and compact architectures. The size of the transmitting and receiving systems are optimized to 108 m2 and 90 m2, respectively. A linearly polarized 4 × 2 rectangular microstrip patch antenna array has been designed and simulated to obtain a high gain, high directivity, and high efficiency in order to satisfy the power transfer requirements. The numerically simulated gain, directivity, and efficiency of the proposed patch antenna array are 13.4 dBi, 14 dBi, and 85%, respectively. Finally, a rectifying system (rectenna) is optimized using the Agilent advanced design system (ADS) software as a microwave power receiving system. The proposed rectenna at the core of the system has an efficiency profile of more than 80% for an RF input power range of 9 to 18 dBm. Moreover, the RF-to-DC conversion efficiency and DC output voltage of the proposed rectenna are 80% and 3.5 V, respectively, for a 10 dBm input power at 35 GHz with a load of 1500 Ω.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".