pyNeurode: a real-time neural signal processing framework
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Accurate decoding of neural signals often requires assigning extracellular waveforms acquired on the same electrode to their originating neurons, a process known as spike sorting. While many offline sorters are available, accurate online sorting of spikes with many channels is still a challenging problem. Existing online sorters either use simple algorithms with low accuracy, can only process a handful of channels, or depend on a complex runtime environment that is difficult to set up. We have developed a state-of-the-art online spike sorting platform in Python that enables large-scale, fully automatic real-time spike sorting and decoding on hundreds of channels. Our system is cross-platform and works seamlessly with the Open Ephys suite of open-source hardware and software widely used in many neuroscience laboratories worldwide. It also comes with a user-friendly graphical user interface to monitor the cluster quality, spike waveforms and neuronal firing rate. Our platform has comparable accuracy to offline sorters and can achieve an end-to-end sorting latency of around 160 ms for 128-channel signals. It will be useful for research in fundamental neuroscience, closed-loop feedback neuromodulation and brain-computer interfaces.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.022 | 0.010 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".