Carbonate cements in Eocene turbidite sandstones, Dongying depression, Bohai Bay Basin: Origin, distribution, and effect on reservoir properties
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Diagenetic carbonate cements occur throughout Eocene turbidite lithic arkose in Niuzhuang sag, eastern China, displaying as sporadical siderite, dolomite, calcite 1, and massive ankerite and calcite 2. Petrographic and geochemical investigations suggest that the nonferroan calcite 1 (δ13Ccarbonate (carb) +3.1‰ to +4.7‰ Vienna Peedee belemnite [VPDB]; δ18Ocarb −12.5‰ to −10.5‰ VPDB) was the earliest carbonate cement that was followed by Ak (δ13Ccarb +0.2‰ to +5.1‰ VPDB; δ18Ocarb −12.8‰ to −10‰ VPDB) and ferroan calcite 2 (δ13Ccarb +2‰ to +3.1‰ VPDB; δ18Ocarb −12.6‰ to −15.8‰ VPDB). The homogenization temperatures (74.3°C–105.8°C, 105.6°C–130.4°C, and 119.7°C–144.6°C, respectively) reflect the pattern of increasing temperature with progressive burial. The δ13Ccarb values suggest that calcite 1 and calcite 2 were mainly derived from dissolution of carbonates in calcareous shales (δ13Ccarb +3.5‰ to +6.3‰VPDB), with minor contributions from organic matter. The δ13Ccarb values of ankerite documented some contributions from magmatic carbon. Ankerite and calcite 2 were restricted under the top seal (geochemical barrier) of the overpressure compartment, and the highly cemented zones occur mainly along faults. Carbonate cementation seems to negatively impact the reservoir quality when it exceeds 10%.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it