Imaging of Peritoneal Dialysis Complications in Children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Worldwide, peritoneal dialysis (PD) is the preferred renal replacement therapy option for children with end-stage renal disease who are awaiting transplantation. PD involves the instillation of a specifically formulated solution into the peritoneal cavity via a PD catheter, with two-way exchange of solutes and waste products along a concentration gradient. This exchange occurs across the peritoneal membrane. The PD catheter has intraperitoneal, abdominal wall, and external components. Enormous efforts have been directed to augment the efficiency and longevity of the peritoneum as a dialysis system by preventing PD-related infectious and noninfectious complications, which may otherwise result in technique failure and a subsequent temporary or permanent switch to hemodialysis. Imaging has an instrumental role in prompt diagnosis of PD complications and in guiding the management of these complications. The main imaging techniques used in the setting of PD complications—namely, conventional radiography, US, CT, MRI, and peritoneal scintigraphy—as well as the benefits and limitations of these modalities are reviewed. The authors also describe the frequently encountered radiologic findings of each complication. Familiarity with these features enables the radiologist to play a crucial role in early diagnosis of PD complications and aids the pediatric nephrologist in tailoring or discontinuing PD and transitioning to hemodialysis if necessary. Online supplemental material is available for this article. ©RSNA, 2022
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".