Organization of the management of the Kalmyk people at the end of the XVIII – the first quarter of the XIX centuries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the context of the transition of the Russian autocracy to absolutism, Kalmyk Khanate was introduced into the unified system of Russia in the first quarter of the 18th century, and changes in its legal status are gradually being made. As a result of the reforms carried out in the first half of the 18th century, Kalmyk Khanate lost its political status of autonomy and acquired the features of administrative autonomy, the legal status of its ruler changed in relations with the emperor to direct servants. After the migration of a large part of the Kalmyks to the province of Xinjiang of China, the remaining ulus were introduced into the Astrakhan province on the rights of the county and subordinated to its administration. As a result of administrative and political reforms in the early 19th century Kalmykia was elevated to the status of an internal region with elements of the subject of the state within the Astrakhan province led by the governor, then the chief usher appointed by the emperor. These reforms corresponded to both the national interests and, to a certain extent, the interests of the Kalmyk people.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".