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Record W4205984312 · doi:10.5539/apr.v13n3p36

Dark Matter Has Already Been Discovered

2022· article· en· W4205984312 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueApplied Physics Research · 2022
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicExperimental and Theoretical Physics Studies
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsHydrogen atomNegative energyPhysicsClassical electron radiusElectronDark matterTheoretical physicsAtom (system on chip)Dirac (video compression format)Quantum mechanicsRADIUSAtomic physicsParticle physics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The energy-momentum relationship in the special theory of relativity (STR) holds in an isolated system in free space. However, this relationship is not applicable to an electron in a hydrogen atom where there is potential energy. Using three types of methods, the author has already derived an energy-momentum relationship applicable to an electron in a hydrogen atom. In the past, Dirac asserted that Einstein’s relationship has negative solutions. This paper too obtains negative solutions (energy) from the derived relationship using Dirac’s reasoning. However, the discontinuity peculiar to the micro world is not incorporated into that solution. Thus discontinuity is incorporated into the solution by using a new quantum condition already derived by the author. Next, the orbital radius of an electron with negative energy in an absolute sense is found, and that radius is compared with the orbital radius of an electron in an ordinary hydrogen atom. A search is conducted for experiments supporting the DM model advocated by this paper. A hydrogen atom at this ultra-low energy level is formed from an atomic nucleus (proton) with positive mass, and a single electron with negative mass existing near that. In this paper, this unknown type of matter will be called a dark hydrogen atom (DHA). This paper also points out that DHA accounts for part of the true nature of dark matter (DM), the mysterious material whose true nature is currently unknown. Although this differs from the conventional interpretation, this paper holds that the experiment which demonstrates the existence of DHA is triplet production. The paper points out that one of the two electrons produced in a triplet production experiment is the electron which forms a DHA. If the DM model advocated by this paper is correct, then DM has already been discovered.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesScience and technology studies, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.962
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0020.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.001
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.053
GPT teacher head0.337
Teacher spread0.284 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it