(<i>Z</i>,<i>E</i>)‐α‐Farnesene – sex pheromone component of female click beetle <i>Selatosomus aeripennis destructor</i> with intra‐ and inter‐sexual communication function
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Sex pheromones are known for only a few major click beetle (Coleoptera: Elateridae) pests in North America. These pheromones could be used to monitor, as well as control, adult beetles. Our objective was to identify the sex pheromone of female Selatosomus aeripennis destructor (Brown), a predominant elaterid pest species in farmland in the Canadian Prairie provinces. Headspace volatiles from a group of S . a . destructor females were collected and analyzed by coupled gas chromatography‐electroantennographic detection (GC‐EAD) and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The GC‐EAD recordings revealed two candidate pheromone components that elicited weak (CPC‐1) or strong (CPC‐2) responses from adult male S. a. destructor antennae. The mass spectra of CPC‐1 and CPC‐2 indicated, and authentic standards confirmed, that they were the isomers ( E )‐β‐farnesene and ( Z , E )‐α‐farnesene, respectively. In three field experiments at various sites in Alberta, Canada, traps baited with synthetic ( Z , E )‐α‐farnesene captured 7.1×, 6.8×, and 2.6× more males than unbaited control traps. In follow‐up experiments, traps baited with ( Z , E )‐α‐farnesene captured significantly more males, but significantly fewer females, than unbaited control traps, indicating sex pheromone autodetection by females. ( E )‐β‐Farnesene on its own was not attractive as a trap lure, and when added to ( Z , E )‐α‐farnesene at a 20:1 ratio, it reduced the lure’s attractiveness. Our data support the conclusion that ( Z , E )‐α‐farnesene is the major sex pheromone component of S. a. destructor females, with both an intra‐ and inter‐sexual communication function.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".