Impact of neuroprotective therapy on cognition and oxidative stress in the early stages of Parkinson’s disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and biochemical efficiency of citicoline in cognitive improvement and changes of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) blood plasma levels in patients at early stages of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Materials and methods. We recruited 42 patients at I–II Hoehn and Yahr PD stages and 20 controls. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment test (MoCA) was used to assess several cognitive domains in PD patients (before citicoline treatment, after intravenous therapy and after pills therapy) and controls (once). Plasma was collected once in controls and twice in PD patients (on the first and the last days of observation). Citicoline was administrated to 23 of 42 PD patients in addition to basic antiparkinsonian therapy intravenously during 10 days and with pills during next 30 days. The rest 19 of 42 PD patients had been taking basic antiparkinsonian treatment only (comparison group). Results. We observed significant improvement of MoCA scores in PD patients with citicoline course (PD-Cs) in each check day. But in spite of such an improvement in PD patients, who were left on the basic antiparkinsonian treatment (PD-Bs), on the 10th day of observation, patients of this group did not keep it to the last day of the research (P < 0.001). After the treatment the GPx level in plasma of PD-Cs was significantly higher than in PD-Bs (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the activity of GPx plasma level after citicoline course was significantly higher than before additional neuroprotective therapy, which wasn’t observed in PD patients on basic treatment only. Conclusion. The cognition of PD patients (according to MoCA scores) at the early stages of the disease was significantly improved after citicoline treatment. Citicoline treatment had significant positive influence on the increasing antioxidant GPx plasma activity in PD patients at the early stages of the disease.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".